***Cont../ Useful Information for Electricians & Apprentices***

[amberleaf]

O.S.G.. The use of other methods’ of determining Maximum Demand is Not Precludedwhere Specified by the Installation Designer

FirstlyI make no Apologies for the Way am Writing on any Matters . it can be a first day Apprentice or some one Needing aJog of Memory .
Sowe are all in the Same Boat . “ To Learn “

For the Apprentices . The Day we stop learning is the Day we hang Upour Tool-Bag

CookerDesign Current Calculations

Thefirst thing you have to do is get Your Head around the Calculations !!

(From a Design point of View ) 2392-10

DomesticInstallation Oven(s) & Hob(s) are to be Calculated upon their MAXIMUM LOADING
Startwith a simple Calculation ( An Oven has a rating of 2kW ) 2000

(I = P/V ) Formula … I = 2000 ÷ 230V = 8.70A …. Weare Using the Unit Amps


2392-10/ Domestic Installation Oven(s)

Ovenhas 4 Rings ( 2 x 1kW ) & ( 2 x 1.5kW ) & Grill ( 2kW ) & Oven (3kW )

-Controlled via a CookerSwitch with a Socket outlet .

Asa Designer . we’ll have to Apply Diversity ??

Important )- Diversity allowance to be Applied to the FULL LOAD CURRENT for CookingAppliances .

TheO.S.G. is telling us . Purpose of the Final Circuit fed from theConductors )
O.S.G.Table 1B p/97 – column (3) Cooking Appliances → At the Top of the Page Note : Type ofPremises ( 2392-10 → Household Installations ) Domestic Installation(s)

DomesticInstallation(s) Only O.S.G. - 10A + 30% f.l – Full Load ) of connected Cooking Appliances in the Excess of 10A+ 5A if a socket-outlet is incorporated in the Control Unit . ( C.C.U. ) – 45A + 13A Socket Switched with Neon .

Fromyour point of View ( The First 10A ofthe rated current plus 30% of the reminder ( Plus) 5A if the Control Unit incorporates s Socket.

Calculations)- You bank “ Hold OFF“ the first 10 Amps of the Maximum Load Current )
The10A will be used at the End of the Calculations’

-So your Work out the Total Power Rating & then calculate the Full Load Current

Calculations)- Power = ( 2 x 1 ) + ( 2 x 1.5 ) + ( 2+ 3 ) = 10kW

I= 10000 ÷ 230V = 43.48A … round it up to the first four numbers43.47826087 ( 48 ) 43.48A

UsingDiversity allowance stated ↑↑ ( 43.48A sub 10A = 33.48A )

I= 33.48 x 30 ÷ 100 = 10.04A

Youradding the ( 5A ) for Socket outlet . I = 10A + 10.04 + 5A = 25.04A )- Asa Designer this is your Expected Current Demand .

Remember )- Supply Cables Rated to suit DesignCurrent ( Iz )

 

[amberleaf]

(3 )

For. BS-3871 )- Types 1 , 2 , 3 , & 4 ,

Themaximum value of . Earth Fault LoopImpedance ( May be Calculated ) &using the Manufactures Tripping Characteristic .

formula.O.S.G. p/72 . Table 7.2.7. (ii) - ( b ) . Now withdrawn )

Thesetypes of circuit breakers are identified by the use of numbers . 16[SUP]th[/SUP] Edition . still in Use .

BS-3871 - formula. To be Used :

1 . 2.7 / 4 – ( In ) …. BS-3871
2 . 4 / 7 – ( In ) ….
3 . 7 / 10 – ( In ) ….
4 . 10 / 50 – ( In ) ….

TypeB )- 3 to 5 ( In ) …. BS-EN-60898 .
TypeC )- 5 to 10 – ( In ) ….
TypeD )- 10 to 20 – ( In ) ….

Circuitbreakers . …. BS-3871

Type( 1 ) … Multiplier ( 4 ) .. In
Type( 2 ) … Multiplier ( 7 ) .. In
Type( 3 ) … Multiplier ( 10 ) .. In
Type( 4 ) … Multiplier ( 50 ) .. In

Zs) value for a 20A type ( 1 ) – BS-3871. ( 4 x20 = 80 ) ( 230÷ 80 = 2.87Ω )

 

[amberleaf]

(4 )

Short Circuit Capacity according to BS- 3871 )- now obsolete .
Was( Expressed as an ( M ) value .

M 1– 1000A
M –1.5 . 1500A
M 3– 3000A .
M 4.5– 4500A .
M6 – 6000A .
M9 – 9000A

 

[amberleaf]

-&-s. Any circuit or equipment vulnerable to a particular test should beindentified by . ?
p/117- 514.9.1. The provision of a Legible diagram . chart ortable prior to testing .
2392-10: The purpose of the Inspection conducted prior to Testing an installation isto verify that . ?
p/189- 611.2. (iii) “ equipment ” is not damaged or defective so as to impairsafety .
2392-10: No alteration shall be made to an existing installation unless the ?
p/20- 132.16 . it is established that the alteration will notimpair the safety of the existing installation .

2392-10: The Inspecting & Testing required duringa Periodic Inspection should be recorded on a Electrical Installation Condition Report . & be carried out by .
p/195- 621.5. Competent Person .

2391-10: Q) prior to an Inspection in accordance with BS-7671:2011 , The competentperson carrying out the work shall normally . ?
p/189- 611.1.
A) Inspection shall ( Precede Testing ) & shall normally bedone with that part of the installation under Inspection disconnected from thesupply .

2391-10: Q) Installations should be arranged so as to avoid hazards in the event ofa fault . & to facilitate safe operation inspection . testing & maintenance . .? Onemethod of complying with this is to .
p/46- 314.1.
A) divide the installation into circuits .

 

[amberleaf]

Reasons) ( IR ) Testing . 2392-10 .

InsulationRésistance . Details of such equipmentshould be recorded on the Schedule of Test Results . “ Inspector “ TestResults . so that the Inspector carrying out ( Routine ) Periodic Testing in thefuture is aware of the presence of such equipment .

□ “ Generic Scheduleof Test Results . “ p/402 . Apprentices .

Aswith the 17[SUP]th[/SUP] Edition 2008 - “ Schedule of TestResults . “ ( Test Results – ► Functional Testing ) RCD time 13 / Other 14 .

Withthe 2011 : the Wording has gone . ( RCD ) – ( mS ) 1 x / 5x / Testbutton operation . ( Same thing -Functional Testing )

Apprentices.
612.13. – p/194 .

The Effectiveness of ANY Test Facility

 

[amberleaf]

2392-10: for -&-s . they will work into 2011 .

Keychange is to the “ Schedule of Inspections “ That is to be used when carrying out a ( PeriodicInspection )

“ Now “ a Condition Report. will need to have a “ Schedule of Inspections “ relevant to thePeriodic Inspection . workcarried Out .

BS-7671:2008

Previously . Schedule of Inspections was ► ( Generic ) ◄ & used for both the (Periodic Inspection Report ) & ( Electrical Installation Certificate )

Thisis were -&-s will trip you Up .2392-10 ▲

134.2.2. : The designer of the Installation shall make arecommendation for the interval to the ( First ) Periodic Inspection & Test. as detailed in Part 6 . 2011

 

[amberleaf]

Understanding of the Underpinning Knowledge . BS-7671:2011 .

Selection& Sizing of C.P.C.& Earthing Conductors .

C.P.C.& Earthing conductors are selected in accordance with Section – 543 .
543.1. deals with Sizing : 543.2. with types & 543.3. with preservation of Continuity .

A ProtectiveConductor may be common to more than OneCircuit . Regulation – 543.1.2. p/160 .

Thefollowing can be used as a Protective Conductor . Regulation – 543.2.1. . p/ 163 .

i)Single core cable .
ii) Conductor in a cable .
iii)Insulated or bare conductor in a “ Common Enclosure with Insulated live conductors .
iv) Fixed bare or Insulated conductor .
v) Metal covering . Sheath screen or armouringof a cable .
vi)Metal conduit . Metal cable management . or other Enclosures or Electricallycontinuous support system for conductors .

vii) Extraneous –conductive – part complying withRegulation . 543.2.6. p/163.

 

[amberleaf]

Whensizing the C.P.C. & Earthing conductor the following must be conceded .

i)Earth Fault Loop Impedance requirements : Section - 411
ii) Thermal Constraints – conductor does notoverheat during Fault Conditions . Regulations – 543.1.3. & 543.1.4. p/160 / p/162 .
iii) Additional requirements for ( PME ) supplies . Regulation – 544.1.1.
iv) Additional requirements for Protective conductors where in the ground .Regulations – 542.3.1. & 543.1.1. p/159 . p/160

EarthFault Loop Impedance : P/39 . Zs = Ze + R[SUP]1[/SUP] + R[SUP]2[/SUP] . -&-s . where to find it .

 

[amberleaf]

Understanding of the underpinning knowledge .

Earthing& Bonding . Requirement for SpecialInstallations or Locations .

Section701 . Location Containing a Bathor Shower .
SupplementaryBonding – is not required in NEW installation as an RCD is always required for bothDomestic & Commercial Installations .

(Additional Protection : Supplementary Equipotential bonding )

Section702 . Swimming Pools & Fountains
Regulation. 702.415.2. p/205 . require local Supplementary bonding betweenall Extraneous – conductive –parts . in Zone 0. 1. & 2. the CPCs of allExposed – conductive-parts in these Zones . ( See – Regulation – 415.2. )

(Additional Protection : Supplementary Equipotential bonding )

Section705 . Agricultural & Horticultural Premises .
For( These premises ) where ( Livestock ) iskept . the requirements . 705.415.2.1. – p/216. should be Noted .
Supplementarybonding shall . connect together all Exposed-conductive-parts . & Extraneous-conductive-partswhich can be touched by ( Livestock ) ifthere is a Metallic Grid laid in the floor it should be Supplementary bonded .

( Protection against Electric Shock ) )

Section706 . Conducting Locations with Restricted Movement .
Whereautomatic disconnection is used for protection against Electric Shock .Regulation . 706.410.3.5.- ( iii ) requires SupplementaryEquipotential Bonding

Section711 . Exhibitions’ . Shows & Stands. p/239
Structuralmetallic parts . which are ( Accessible ) fromwithin the Unit . shall be connected to the Main Earth Terminal “ Within “ theUnit .

( Earthing arrangements & ProtectiveConductors )
Section– 712 . Solar Photovoltaic ( PV ) power Supply Systems .
Whereprotective bonding conductors are installed . These shall be run parallel &in close contact with the . D.C. & A.C. cables . Regulation – 712.54 . p/243

(Protective Equipotential Bonding )
Section717 . Mobile ofTransportable Units .
717.411.3.1.3. p/247 . requires Main Protective Bonding to the ( Accessible ) conductive partssuch as the Chassis .

( Protective Earthing & ProtectiveEquipotential Bonding )
Section 721 . 721.411.3.1.p/254. calls for ( Additional ) bonding of . Extraneous – conductive– parts within the Caravan & MotorCaravan .

(Additional Protection : Supplementary Equipotential bonding )

Section740 . Temporary Electrical Installation for Structures . Amusement Device &Booths at Fairgrounds . Amusement Parks & Circuses .
Locationsintended for ( Livestock) require Supplementary Bonding - Regulation . 740.415.2.1. p/ 269 – see 705

 

[amberleaf]

(IR ) .
Whymay a ( largeinstallation ) give a pessimistically low overall Insulation Résistancevalue . Because there are a large numberof circuits all in parallel . 2391-10

Why. do capacitors . Neon’s . need to be disconnected . To avoid misleadingtest results .
Handle “ Capacitors “ with care . They could be fully charged.

What. Test voltage & minimum value of Insulation Résistance are appropriate forcircuits ( Incorporating ) Surge Protective Devices . ( 250V d.c.– 1MΩ ) 2011 .

Thefrequency in Hertz ( Hz ) is . Cyclesper second - of the Electrical Source .

 

[amberleaf]

MedicalLocations .

Forthe sake of -&-s . 2011 .

Typesof System Earthing . 710.312.2. p/230 .

PEN) conductors shall not be used in ( Medical Locations & Medical Buildings ) downstreamof the main distribution board .

Note : in Great Britain , Regulation 8(4) ofthe Electricity Safety . Quality & Continuity Regulations 2002 prohibitsthe use of ( PEN ) conductors in Consumer’sInstallation .
□ Plain English . “ Typesof System Earthing “
The ( TN-C . System ) is not allowed inMedical Locations & Medical Buildings downstream of the main distributionboard .

Example(- Load & Earth Fault Currents ) associatedwith TN-C systems . can circulate through the casing of a ( Class 1 ) equipment thus causing Electromagnetic Interference with SensitiveElectronic Medical Equipment .

 

[amberleaf]

MedicalLocations .

Forthe sake of -&-s . 2011 .

710.531.2. RCDs .

710.531.2.2. Socket-outletsprotected by RCDs

For each circuit protected by an RCD having the characteristicsspecified in Regulation 415.1.1. consideration shall be given to reduce thepossibility of ( Unwanted Tripping ) of the RCD due to excessive protectiveconductor currents produced by equipment in normal operation .

Regulation 415.1.1. Additional protection : Residual Current Devices ( RCDs )
The use of RCDs with a rated residual operating current ( IΔn ) not exceeding 30mA & an operating time notexceeding 40mS at a residual current of ( 5 x IΔn ) is recognized in A.C. systems as additionalprotection in the event of failure of the provision for basic protection &/ or the provision for Fault protection or carelessness by ( User )

InMedical Locations of Group ( 1 ) & Group ( 2 ) ◄►-&-s . 2011 . Medical Locations isin the Regulations . Q/As

710.411.4.– TN- system. -&-s .
InFinal circuits of ( Group 1 ) rated up to ( 63A) . RCD having the characteristics specified in Regulation . 415.1.1. shall be Used.

 

[amberleaf]

MedicalLocations .

Forthe sake of -&-s . 2011 .

710.411.3.2. Automatic disconnection in Case of aFault .

710.411.3.2.1. (-&-s ) in Medical Locations of ( Group 1) & ( Group 2 ) WhereRCDs are required . ONLY type ( A ) or Type ( B ) shall be selected . depending on the possibleFault Current arising .

NOTE : Type ( AC ) RCDs SHALL NOT be USED . this is what -&-s are looking . Q/As .2011 .

 

[amberleaf]

MedicalLocations .

710.559 . Luminaries’ &Lighting Installations .

InMedical Locations of ( Group 1 ) & (Group 2 ) at least two different sources of supply shall be provided . One ofthe sources shall be connected to the electrical supply system for SafetyServices .

Note : Safety Services are synonymouswith ( Emergency Services ) Refer to “ SafetyLighting “ for the recommended percentage of Luminaries suppliedfrom Safety Source .

710.560.9.1. Safety Lighting .
Note : The Luminaires ofthe Escape Routes shall be arranged on Alternate Circuits .

 

[amberleaf]

Main EarthingTerminal .

Circuit protective conductors.
Protective bonding conductors.
FunctionalEarthing conductors – if required .
Lightingprotection system bonding conductor . if any – Regulation 411.3.1.2.

542.4.1. - Main Earthing Terminal must be easilyaccessed . This is primary to allow disconnection of any of the aboveconductors as required when Testing the Installation .

• MinorElectrical Installation Works Certificate does NOTrequire a record OF . p/393

i) System Earthingarrangements . P
ii) Departures fromBS-7671:2008. P
iii) Method of faultprotection . P
iv) Prospective fault current .

InitialVerification .

632.1Following the Initial Verification required by chapter 61 .
an Electrical Installation Certificate. ( EIC ) together with ( Schedules ofInspection ) & ( Schedules of Test Results ) shall be givento the person ordering the work

632.4.Defects or Omissions revealed during inspection £ testing of the installationwork covered by the Certificate shall be made good before the Certificate isissued .

• Any itemthat does NOT need Inspection during “ Initial Verification“ should be Marled . ( Schedule of Inspections ) p/395

i) P
ii) N/A .

2011 - p/395 . Bottom . N/A – toindicate an Inspection is NOT applicable to aparticular item
2011 - p/395 . Bottom . P – to indicate an Inspection has been carried OUT & the result is satisfactory .

► donot get mixed up with , OLD 17[SUP]th[/SUP] Edition ( Schedule of Inspections ) 2008 . “ of the Internet “

P . to indicate an Inspectionhas been carried out & the result is satisfactory .
N/A . to indicate an Inspection has been carried out& the result is NOT satisfactory ( applicable for a periodic inspectionOnly )
X . to indicate the inspection is notapplicable to a particular item .
LIM . to indicate that . exceptionally . alimitation agreed with the person ordering the work prevented the inspectionbeing carried out ( applicable for a periodic inspection only )

 

[amberleaf]

The( P ) shouldhave been a Tick Sign . did not get throw .sorry

 

[amberleaf]

• NewInstallation is protected against fault by ( ADS )When Inspecting this method of protection . Which of the following is NOT a essential check .

i) Earthing conductor . P
ii) Circuit protective conductors . P
iii) Main protective bonding conductors . P
iv) Fire barriers .

Hint : 531.2.5.- The use of an RCD associated with a circuit normally ( Expected )to have a ProtectiveConductor . ←

GN-3 –p/22 . 441 . AutomaticDisconnection of Supply– ( ADS )
Thepresence . correct sizing . connectionof the appropriate protective conductors . MUST be CONFIRMED as FOLLOWS.

542.3. – Earthing conductors. P
543 – Circuit protectiveconductors . P
544 – Protective bondingconductors . P
544.1. – Mainbonding conductors . P

• this Non-statutory document that is applicable to theconstruction & use of ( Test Equipment ) IS .

i) HSE . Guidance Note-38 .
ii) IET . Guidance Notes 3 .
iii) IET . O.S.G. BS-7671:2008 ( 2011 )
iv) BS-7671:2008. No 1 :2011 .

• Test Method 1 (- as well as checking theContinuity of the protective conductor . also measures ( R[SUP]1[/SUP] + R[SUP]2[/SUP]) which when added to the External Impedance ( Ze ) enables the Earth FaultLoop Impedance ( Zs ) to be checked .

 

[amberleaf]

Megger1552

BondedMetalwork Testing [ HI ]

Testleads set . Option . 1 or 2 .

i) Connect the ( GreenLead ) to the Bonded Metalwork .
ii) Connect the ( RedLead ) to Line .
iii) Supply voltage is displayed .
iv) The test will “ Bleep “ & automaticallystart when voltage is detected .
v) Measured résistance value is displayed .

Thisis how . -&-s like to hear about GN-38 – Leads . !!!! 2391-10 . -&-s Exams :banghead:

• MFT . 1552 : ( Ze ) Testing .

Supplyis turned OFF. 100A - Disconnector is Isolated from Supply . ◄ ( MainIncomer )

Disconnectthe Main incoming Earth Conductor from the ( MET )

Then. Connect your ( Black ) GS-38. Lead fullyinsulated leads onto the Earth Conductor . making sure you get a good connection ) ► Wording . GN-38 – Leads :banghead:

Turnon Megger to the setting of ( Hi –Loop)

Thentake your ( Red ) GS-38. Lead fully insulated lead / with “ TIP “ placethis onto the Main incoming left hand terminal ( Main - Line Conductor )

Fewseconds the . Megger 1552 – will Automatically Read - ( .28Ω ) - Ohms’

Recordthis onto your . ( Certificate ) Thenconnect Earth Conductor. back UP . to the ( MET )

MFT . 1552 – 3 . : if circuitsare RCD protected then you’ll need to use “ Three-wires “ onthe ( No– Trip Setting ) for Zs .
( Ze ) & ( PFC ) is generally carried out at the ( Intake )where ( No RCD ) protection exists so that willbe ( Two-Leads ) ON the ( Hi ) currentsettings .

( Ze & Zs ) aremeasured in ( Ohms ) & (PFC ) ismeasured in ( kA)

• Non-trip – 3 – Leads for RCD side . ←

• Hi ) setting& 2 – Leadsfor Non-RCD ←

 

[amberleaf]

EarthFault Loop Impedance . D/B –1 : D/B – 2 : there areTwo distribution board on site ,

Ata distribution board ( D/B-2 ) . This measurementis called ( Ze ) is only really correct when its measured at the ( First Distribution Board )of the Installation . for the External Impedance of the Installation .

Whenconnected & button pressed it fires a current of up to ( 25A ) or so through the loop. it depends on theImpedance of the circuit . the time ofthe pulse is limited to ( 40mS ) Two cycles on a 50Hz supply . this is for . Safety Reasons.

DirectMeasurement ( Ze ) . The reason that (Ze ) is required to be Measured are Twofold .

i) Verify that there is an Earth Connection .
ii) Verify that the ( Ze ) value is equal to orless than the value determined by the designer & used in the DesignCalculations .

 

[amberleaf]

Faultfinding when RCCB Trips . ( blast from the past )

Switch OFF all the ( Switches / MCB ) connectedin the circuit downstream the . RCCB . Switch ON . RCCB & switch ON the switches . Oneby One . You will find that during switching ON of a particular Appliance / Switch . RCCB trip again & again

Whichshows that is the Faulty ( Circuit / Appliance ) .Isolate the Faulty Circuit . as you know. ( Rectify the Fault & Switch ON the RCCB )

 

[amberleaf]

➥ .MCBs . are designed for One Faultlevel irrespective of SIZE.