Richards point about the number of marks for the question is spot on IMO. Also look out for key words in the questions.
Two key points that you should consider when reading the question are the number of marks available for the question or part question as this provides a valuable indication of the depth of the answer required. Secondly read the question carefully and answer what the question actually asks. Often a question is answered incorrectly because of a failure to understand what is being asked and what is required. It's an easy trap to fall into under exam conditions when you are under pressure. The danger here is that you may answer a question to which you know the answer, but which is not the question you have been asked in the paper. Remember, the questions are set to establish your level of understanding an specific areas, so the correct response is important if the marks are to be obtained. Take a little longer to read the question carefully to ensure you are quite clear about what is required.
The wording of a question, coupled with the number of marks available, gives valuable clues as to what is expected. The words used in the question provide the first clue. If you look out for the following words and phrases and understand what they mean, you should be able to provide an appropriate answer.
state: this means the answer is expected to be a short statement, not a long rambling paragraph. The response to this type of question may even be a single word or group of words which may not need to be a complete sentence.
list:this means you should produce a simple list of items or actions. The answer should be similar to that produced by the "state" question. However, on this occasion the items would be expected to follow a sequence and form a list.
explain briefly: this requires a brief explanation; usually no more than one or two sentences. It does not require paragraphs of explanation and the word "briefly" is used to indicate this requirement.
explain with the aid of a diagram: this means exactly what it says. The answer should comprise both a diagram and an explanation. The examiner is trying to help you achieve maximum marks by asking for both an explanation and a diagram because this method of providing information is likely to be the most efficient.
Show all calculations: again the examiner is trying to help you score as many marks as possible. Where a calculation is required and the only thing offered by you is the numerical answer, then if it is wrong, you would score no marks. If you include each step of the calculation then marks will be awarded for the correct step. It's in your best interest to show all stages of the process. Where relevant remember to show the applicable units which apply to your answer e.g. V, ohms, KA etc.
with the aid of a fully labeled diagram:this indicates that a diagram needs to be provided with the component parts clearly labelled. The marks for these questions are divided between the diagram and the labelling.
To obtain the maximum marks for the question both the labelling and diagram must be completed.
describe: these questions often relate to test procedures and you are required to demonstrate your knowledge of the test process. Look at the number of marks available to give you an indication of how much detail you need to go into.
describe, in detail: this indicates that a more detailed answer is required and again the number if marks available for the question gives an indication of the depth of the answer required.
A series of short bullet pointed statements is a very effective method of providing the answer, but remember that all necessary information must be included.
Direct measurement: this indicates that a test is required and the results are not established by using a calculation. For example, where you are asked to describe the direct measurement of earth fault loop impedance, then a description of the test procedure is required. Describing an R1+R2 test and then stating how to determine the value by calculation using Zs=Ze+(R1+R2) will result in no marks being awarded for the answer.