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The wiring in 13A plug will always tend to be roughly in the same place, whatever the make of the plug, but in a socket the connections will be wherever the manufacturer decides, although they will be clearly marked.
You will probably find that there are two terminals for the earth connection, often in different places. You only need to connect to one, and that can be either one. If the socket is fitted in a metal box, you might also find a length of earth wire between the earth connection on the socket and a terminal at the back of the metal box. This wire can be connected to either earth terminal on your new socket, either the same one as you connect the incoming cable, or to the 'spare' one.
As for your RCD adaptor, I would definitely NOT recommend it. The plug and socket on it are both likely to be of poor design, and are likely to lead to overheating and damage again.
Are you sure the sockets in your house aren't already RCD protected at the fusebox? I've not installed a socket circuit without RCD protection since the mid '80s, although they weren't compulsory then, as they are now.
You will probably find that there are two terminals for the earth connection, often in different places. You only need to connect to one, and that can be either one. If the socket is fitted in a metal box, you might also find a length of earth wire between the earth connection on the socket and a terminal at the back of the metal box. This wire can be connected to either earth terminal on your new socket, either the same one as you connect the incoming cable, or to the 'spare' one.
As for your RCD adaptor, I would definitely NOT recommend it. The plug and socket on it are both likely to be of poor design, and are likely to lead to overheating and damage again.
Are you sure the sockets in your house aren't already RCD protected at the fusebox? I've not installed a socket circuit without RCD protection since the mid '80s, although they weren't compulsory then, as they are now.