Discuss Backstabbing: electrician says all outlets in home should be replaced? in the USA Electrical Forum area at ElectriciansForums.net

kronius

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Hello everyone!

We bought a new construction home in 2018. About a week ago, our cleaning service had an incident where our outlet sparked when they tried to use their vacuum cleaner. The maids said that it happened when they plugged the vacuum cleaner into two different outlets and the sparks left scarring on the outlets. I assumed it was a faulty vacuum and all that needed to be done was replace the damaged outlets with new ones.

We found a local electrical repair company that has a very high BBB rating. They said the sparking happened because the outlets were wired by "backstabbing" the wires through the holes in the back of the outlet, rather than being secured by the screws on the sides of the outlet. The electrician also found a third outlet that was scarred from sparking damage. At this point we do not know whether the maids also plugged the vacuum into that socket and didn't tell us, or if it was damaged some other way. We have reached out to the cleaning service to try to find out.

The electrician also told us that all three sockets are on different circuits. One is a GFCI circuit and the other two are standard. Notably, only one of the three circuit breakers tripped when this happened. On the GFCI socket, neither the circuit breaker nor the GFCI tripped.

The electrician inspected some of the other outlets and switches in our home and told us they were all backstabbed. He said at a minimum we should replace every outlet on the three affected circuits (not just the three damaged ones), and run a high voltage test on the three affected circuits to determine whether any of the wires on the circuits were damaged from the incident, and of course replace the circuit breakers for the circuits that didn't trip. That would cost $4,000 USD.

However, the electrician strongly recommended going further to also have them replace all of the outlets and switches in our entire house so that they can eliminate the "backstabbing" and wire the outlets correctly. He also wanted to "pigtail" all of the devices. This would cost $9,000.

The three damaged outlets have already been replaced. The builder was nice enough to do this for free even though we were three months outside of our electrical warranty. But naturally the builder blamed the problem on the vacuum cleaner and not the wiring.

This leads me to my questions:

1. How concerned should we be that only one of the three circuit breakers tripped? This seems to me to be the strongest evidence that there could be a problem with the wiring, as opposed to the vacuum cleaner.

2. We may never know whether a malfunction in the vacuum cleaner caused the sparking, or if it was bad wiring, but the question still remains, is "backstabbing" such a bad practice that it warrants replacing all of the outlets and light switches in our entire house?

2(a). This seems like something that would be a fairly easy do it yourself job, although it would be very time consuming. (Just replacing the outlets, I would not trust myself to do the pigtailing)

Thanks!
 
I wouldn't be surprised if it was illegal in Europe, since it is a practice designed to save companies time and money at the cost of making the consumer less safe.

I've attaching pictures below so you can see what I mean.

In "backstabbing", instead of securing the wires to the screws on the side of the outlet, the wires are inserted through holes in the back of the outlet. The outlet is designed to be wired either way, but obviously the wires are more secure if they are screwed down, which is why "backstabbing" is frowned upon.
 

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I think this is a matter of opinion, if the conductors are correctly inserted into the backstabbing points I see no problem. This is a bone of contention with many Stateside electricians who just don't trust this means of connection although it is faster and would rather rely on the screw terminals.
I find it difficult to believe the damage you show is caused by the backstabbing means of connection.
 
Why do American outlets look so sad?

we have connections like that in UK, but only really in lighting and other low load applications.
Most of ours now is a screw pressing down on the conductor. Not really had the wire bent round a screw like that for some time.
 
I have never seen a socket with that sort of connection, but I guess it is similar to the push-fit Wago joins?

Unless the wire can protrude in to the socket entry point enough for it to prevent proper mating it would seem more likely that it was an already damaged plug on the vacuum cleaner that did not mate properly and arced as a result. But again, I can't claim any real knowledge of these. Hopefully @Megawatt will be on the forum soon!
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1. How concerned should we be that only one of the three circuit breakers tripped? This seems to me to be the strongest evidence that there could be a problem with the wiring, as opposed to the vacuum cleaner.
When you get a bad connection, in particular with something that has a big motor, you can get multiple high-current surges that can trip a breaker. Most likely the 1 in 3 is simply a probability game.

2(a). This seems like something that would be a fairly easy do it yourself job, although it would be very time consuming. (Just replacing the outlets, I would not trust myself to do the pigtailing)
Usually it is if you have reasonable DIY competence, the right sort of tools to strip wire without nicking the conductor, and are willing to read the instructions. But if in any doubt then you should get a professional in, also you may have to check your insurance policy just in case it requires that.

However, the quote of $3k seems very high to me unless you have a massive number of sockets! I would be inclined to get another quote from a different electrician to see if that really is the going price for that sort of work in your town, or if the 1st one was trying it on.
 
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it would seem more likely that it was an already damaged plug on the vacuum cleaner that did not mate properly and arced as a result.

...

When you get a bad connection, in particular with something that has a big motor, you can get multiple high-current surges that can trip a breaker. Most likely the 1 in 3 is simply a probability game.

My initial reaction was that it must have been a defect in the vacuum. That makes sense that it could have just been a problem with the plug that caused arcing.

The electrician convinced me that it was a more serious problem because the circuit breaker didn't trip, but I could see how arcing would not necessarily trip the circuit breaker since it is actually increasing the resistance and lowering the current through the breaker.
 
The circuit breaker will only trip due to excess current which is caused by fault current or over current. The vacuum cleaner probably didn't create either fault or over current.
 

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