The issue with Asbestos is the physical properties of the fibres being barbed and with such an aerodynamic make up that they can be carried right into the Alveoli in the depths of the lung, once there they stick into the side walls of he alveoli and the body then attempts to remove them, which creates scar tissue which never stops growing, think oysters & pearls.
MDF, can contain hard wood dusts which are know asthmagens, and can also be carcinogens.
This depends on the quality control of the MDF.
UK, possibly EU & US produced MDF probably be OK.
Elsewhere in the world, possibly even the 3rd world, no chance of knowing, and they probably don't care.
Also the adhesive used used to be a problem, however, this has been changed, again in UK, EU & US materials, again the rest of the world who knows!
Fibreglass has by its physical properties a smooth fibre, thus the body can remove this as a foreign body much more easily than a barbed fibre such as asbestos.
However, we don't know what other stuff was put in the early fibreglass insulation.
Current product I believe will be safe.
Fibreglass is a man made material, Asbestosis natural.
The issues with glass fibre would come from bad manufacturing, the lucky thing is it is really cheaper to make it right, this the possibilities of poor quality are reduced.